SALIVARY PH MODULATION WITH BETEL LEAF MOUTHWASH IN SMOKING-RELATED PERIODONTITIS
Abstract
Background: Saliva is one of the determinants of oral conditions and is easily available as a method of diagnosing and controlling periodontal disease. Smoking is also one of the causes of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with the accumulation of dental plaque (biofilm), and is characterized by progressive damage to the tissues supporting the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontitis can be minimized by using betel leaf (Piper betle L.) herbal mouthwash, which has been proven to have many properties with minimal side effects. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there are differences in salivary pH before and after gargling with betel leaf mouthwash (Piper betle L.) in periodontitis patients with smoking habits. Methods: The study used an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Results: The results showed that the average salivary pH of respondents increased from 5.8 before gargling with betel leaf mouthwash to 7.1 after gargling. Conclusion: Gargling using betel leaf mouthwash (Piper betle L.) can increase salivary pH and is effective in stabilizing salivary pH for periodontitis patients with smoking habits.
Downloads
References
Caton, J. G., Armitage, G., Berglundh, T., Chapple, I. L. C., Jepsen, S., Kornman, K. S., Mealey, B. L., Papapanou, P. N., Sanz, M., & Tonetti, M. S. (2018). A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. Journal of Periodontology, 89(S1), S1–S8. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0157
Chakraborty, D., & Shah, B. (2011). Antimicrobial, anti-oxidative and anti-hemolytic activity of Piper betel leaf extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(3), 192–199.
Featherstone, J. D. B. (2008). Dental caries: A dynamic disease process. Australian Dental Journal, 53(3), 286–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00064.x
Harapan, I. K., Ali, A., & Fione, V. R. (2020). Gambaran Penyakit Periodontal Berdasarkan Umur Dan Jenis Kelamin Pada Pengunjung Poliklinik Gigi Puskesmas Tikala Baru Kota Manado Tahun 2017. JIGIM (Jurnal Ilmiah Gigi Dan Mulut), 3(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.47718/jgm.v3i1.1430
Haripa, E. P., Lestari, C., & Endo Mahata, I. B. (2019). PERBEDAAN ANTARA OBAT KUMUR α-MANGOSTIN 0,5% DAN KLORHEKSIDIN 0,2% TERHADAP pH SALIVA PADA PENDERITA GINGIVITIS. B-Dent: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah, 3(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.33854/jbdjbd.61
Kaveti, B., Tan, L., Kuan, T. S., & Baig, M. (2016). Antibacterial Activity Of Piper Betel Leaves. IJPTP, 2(January 2011), 129–132.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. In Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kumar, B., Kashyap, N., Avinash, A., Chevvuri, R., Sagar, M. K., & Shrikant, K. (2017). The composition, function and role of saliva in maintaining oral health: a review. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev, 2017, 1–6.
Pradhan, D., Suri, K. a, Pradhan, D. K., & Biswasroy, P. (2013). Golden Heart of the Nature : Piper betle L . Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(6), 147–167.
Rohmawati, N., & Santik, Y. D. P. (2019). Status penyakit periodontal pada pria perokok dewasa. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 3(2), 286–297.
Saikia, A. M., Sivasubramanian, A., Muthu, M. S., Ganesh, A., Chandrasekaran, K., & Kirubakaran, R. (2024). Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 17(S1), S100–S111. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2805
Saitou, M., Gaylord, E. A., Xu, E., May, A. J., Neznanova, L., Nathan, S., Grawe, A., Chang, J., Ryan, W., Ruhl, S., Knox, S. M., & Gokcumen, O. (2020). Functional Specialization of Human Salivary Glands and Origins of Proteins Intrinsic to Human Saliva. Cell Reports, 33(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108402
Sanz, M., Beighton, D., Curtis, M. A., Cury, J. A., Dige, I., Dommisch, H., Ellwood, R., Giacaman, R., Herrera, D., Herzberg, M. C., Könönen, E., Marsh, P. D., Meyle, J., Mira, A., Molina, A., Mombelli, A., Quirynen, M., Reynolds, E. C., Shapira, L., & Zaura, E. (2017). Role of microbial biofilms in the maintenance of oral health and in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Consensus report of group 1 of the Joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 44, S5–S11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12682
Singh, S., Anuradha, P., Sahana, S., Narayan, M., & Agarwal, S. (2017). Comparative evaluation of mouth rinsing with plain water and an antibacterial mouth rinse on salivary pH: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 15(4), 302. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_54_17
Slots, J. (2017). Periodontitis: facts, fallacies and the future. Periodontology 2000, 75(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12221
Wilis, R., & Andriani, A. (2017). Efektifitas Berkumur Rebusan Daun Sirih Dibandingkan Rebusan Daun Saga terhadap Perubahan Derajat Keasaman Air Ludah. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 2(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v2i1.39
Yaghobee, S., Dorkoosh, F. A., Kouhestani, F., Mozafari, G., & Aslroosta, H. (2019). Comparison of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with and without anti-discoloration system in patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 11(2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.15171/japid.2019.011
