THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO) GREEN JOBS THROUGH THE INDONESIA GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM (IGEP) AS AN EFFORT TO OVERCOME URBANIZATION IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Urbanization is a phenomenon of increasing the population in urban areas in line with the level of welfare and economic development of the population in a country. However, urbanization in Indonesia is triggered by various factors, both push factors, which include poverty, lack of facilities in rural areas, low living standards, and limited employment opportunities, as well as pull factors which include adequate urban facilities and high standards of living. The driving and pulling aspects of urbanization are related to factors triggered by natural processes, migration, economic conditions, socio-economic facilities, infrastructure, accessibility, industry, and government policies. One of the critical problems faced in economic development is between fulfilling development needs and efforts to maintain environmental sustainability. Economic growth based on natural resources that do not pay attention to aspects of environmental sustainability will ultimately hurt the environment itself. However, essential natural resources and the environment have a limited carrying capacity. In other words, economic development that does not pay attention to the power of natural resources and the background will cause development problems in the future. The urban population in Indonesia continues to increase. However, urbanization will benefit the national economy if followed by efficient and effective urban management. Urbanization which has implications for increasing the number of urban residents, raises several problems, such as dense housing, slum areas, drinking water supply, etc. In Indonesia, there is the Indonesia Green Entrepreneurship Program (IGEP) which focuses on reflecting and ensuring alignment with the Nawa Cita, as well as the country's global commitment to the Paris Agreement—as stated in its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)—and the Sustainable Development Goals.