CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES OF MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA
Keywords:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
Abstract
The "Triple Bottom line" strategy, which seeks to strike a balance between maximizing profits and protecting the environment, people, and the planet, is the fundamental idea of sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a method of giving back to the community that is founded on the true desire to have a beneficial impact on it. CSR might receive money from the government, corporations, or the local community. This paper demonstrates how CSR financing is provided to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), how it has aided MSMEs in expanding their businesses, and how it has contributed to community development. Cases of MSMEs in Malaysia and Indonesia will be discussed to illustrate their impact on the social and economic performance of the community.
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References
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Antara News, Jateng. (2022). Accessed on 1 September 2022 from https://jateng.antaranews.com/berita/450545/ccep-indonesia-dukung-pengembangan-komunitas-umkm
Ariff, M., & Iqbal, M. (2011), “The Foundation of Islamic Banking: Theory, Practice and Education”, Edward Elgar Publishing
Arshad, M. N. M., & Haneef, M. A. M. (2015). Reositioning Issues of Waqf as A Third Sector Organisation into The Mainstream Economy. Asia Pacific Awqaf Congress. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275532220
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Azizah, F. N., Ilham, I. F., Aqidah, L. P., Firdaus, S. A., Astuti, S. A. D., & Buchori, I. (2020). Strategi UMKM untuk Meningkatkan Perekonomian selama Pandemi Covid-19 pada saat New Normal. ECONOMICUS Journal of Economics, 5(1).
Aziz, N.N.A., Hassan, W.H.A.W., & Saud, N.A. (2012). The effects of urbanization towards social and cultural changes among Malaysian settlers in the Federal Land Development Schemes (FELDA), Johor Darul Takzim. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 910–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.276
Branco, M.C., & Rodrigues, L.L (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource Based Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 69: 111-132
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4, 497–505.
Cekindo. (2022). The Significance of Digital Adoption for MSMEs in Indonesia. Retrieved on 1 August 2022 from https://www.cekindo.com/blog/the-significance-of-digital-adoption-for-msmes-in-indonesia
Chabbal, A. Y. (2020). WAQF and Enterprenuership: An Ignored Mechanism for Modern Economic Development in Nigeria. Journal of African Sustainable Development, 20(2), 289–296.
Devins, D. (2009). Enterprise in deprived areas: What role for start-ups? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(4), 486–498. https://doi. org/10.1504/IJESB.2009.02569
Duncombe, R., & Heeks, R. (2005). Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs), Poverty Reduction and Micro, Small & Medium-scale Enterprises (MSMEs). A framework for understanding ICT applications for MSMEs in developing countries. A Panel at the World Summit on the Information Society, (1), 1–46
Elasrag, H. (2017). Towards a new role of the institution of waqf. 1–27.
Elliot, Rundle-Thiele dan Waller. (2012). Marketing 2nd edition.Australia,John Wiley & Sons
Elkington. J. 2004. Retrieved on 1st August 2022 from https://johnelkington.com/archive/TBL-elkington-chapter.pdf
Fatimah Mohd Arshad & Mad Nasir Shamsudin. (1997). Rural development model in Malaysia. Retrieved August 23, 2004, from http: www.econ.upm.edu.my/ ~fatimah/rural.pdf
Garaika, G. (2020). Urgency Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) Towards Corporate Development in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(02).
Gaudiosi, M. M. (1987), “The influence of the Islamic law of waqf on the development of the trust in England: The case of Merton College”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 136, 1231-1262.
Glavas, A., & Godwin, L. N. (2012). Is the Perception of ‘Goodness’ Good Enough? Exploring the Relationship Between Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Organizational Identification. J Bus Ethics Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 15-27
Hadi, Nur. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility edisi Pertama. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Hameed, Waseemul & Nawaz, Muhammad & Basheer, Muhammad & Waseem, Muhammad. (2019). The Effect of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) on Microenterprise Success in Sabah State Malaysia. X1V. 223-238. Access on 1 September 2022 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334548612_The_Effect_of_Amanah_Ikhtiar_Malaysia_AIM_on_Microenterprise_Success_in_Sabah_State_Malaysia/citation/download
Hardilawati, W. laura. (2020). Strategi Bertahan UMKM di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomika, 10(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.37859/jae.v10i1.1934
Harun, R., Isa, Z. M., & Ali, N. (2012). Preliminary Findings on Waqf Management Practices among Selected Muslim Countries. International Conference on Economics Marketing and Management, 28, 117–120
Latiff, A. Z. A., Ismail, C. Z., & Daud, N.M. (2008), “Waqf: The management and contribution towards Islamic education in Malaysia (Wakaf: Pengurusan dan sumbangannya terhadap pendidikan Islam di Malaysia)”, Shah Alam: UPENA, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM)
Lim, SJ., Phillips, J. Embedding CSR Values: The Global Footwear Industry’s Evolving Governance Structure. J Bus Ethics 81, 143–156 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9485-2
Hsu, K. T. (2012). The advertising effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and brand equity: Evidence from the life insurance industry in Taiwan. Journal of business Ethics, 109(2), 189-201.
Javan, J. (1998). Empowerment for Community Development:A Multivariate Framework for Assessing Empowerment at the Community Level. Department of Phsychology, North Carolina state University
Khan, T. (2019). Venture waqf in a circular economy. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2018-0138
Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2005). Best of breed: When it comes to gaining a market edge while supporting a social cause,“corporate social marketing” leads the pack. Social marketing quarterly, 11(3-4), 91-103.
KemenKopUKM, 28 November 2019. Retrieved on 1 August from https://kemenkopukm.go.id/read/kemenkop-dan-ukm-siapkan-strategiperluasan-pasar-produk-ukm-sektor-riil-unggulan
Latiff, A. Z. A., Ismail, C. Z., & Daud, N. M. (2008). Waqf: The management and contribution towards Islamic education in Malaysia (Waqaf: Pengurusan dan sumbangannya terhadap pendidikan Islam di Malaysia). Shah Alam: UPENA, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM).
Leeuwen, R. (1999), “Waqfs and urban structures: The case of Ottoman Damascus”, Leiden: BRILL
Lim, S. J., & Philip, J (2008). Embedding CSR values: The global footwear industry’s evolving governance structure. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 143 – 156
Mahmood, R., & Hanafi, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive advantage as a mediator. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1), 82–90
Malay Mail (8 December 2021) Entrepreneur Development Ministry continues commitment efforts to revive MSMEs. Retrieved on 1 September from. https://www.malaymail.com/news/money/2021/12/08/entrepreneur-development-ministry-continues-commitment-efforts-to-revive-ms/2026932
Maloni, M. J., & Brown, M. E. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility in the Supply Chain: An Application in the Food Industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 35-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9038-0
Md Sum, Sarmila & Zaimah, R. & Lyndon, Novel & Hussain, Mohd & Awang, Abd. (2015). Local Community Economic Wellbeing through CSR Project. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6. 10.5901/mjss. 2015.v6n4s3p79. Siregar, A. P. (2020). Kinerja Koperasi di Indonesia. VIGOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 5(1), 31-38.
Mohamed, M. and Sawandi, N. (2007), “Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in mobile telecommunication industry: Case study of Malaysia”, paper presented at the European Critical Accounting Conference, Scotland, United Kingdom, pp. 1-26.
Mohd Mizan A. (2018). Kelestarian Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Islam melalui Waqaf. Proceedings of Simposium Waqaf Pulau Pinang 2018. 29 September 2018. Majlis Agama Islam Pulau Pinang. Seberang Jaya, Pulau Pinang
Muhammad, M.Z., Char, A.K., bin Yasoa, M.R., & Hassan, Z. (2010). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competing in the global business environment: A case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(1), 66.
Mursitama, T. N., Hasan, M. F., & Fakhrudin, I. Y. (2011). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) di Indonesia: Teori dan implementasi: Studi kasus community development Riaupulp. Jakarta: Institute for Development of Economics and Finance
Mustapa, W. N. B. W., Al Mamun, A., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2018). Development initiatives, micro-enterprise performance and sustainability. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(3), 74.
Mulyadi, M. (2019). Pengaruh Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr), Good Corporate Governance (Gcg), Dan Budaya Tri Hita Karana Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 4(2), 235-247.
Musa, S. O., & Salleh, M. C. M. (2018). Proposing A Model for Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Cash Waqf Intention. Jurnal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 4(1), 183–204.
Osman, S., Mat, I., Ahmad, J., & Othman, Y. H. (2015). Unlocking Value of Waqf Property Using Hibah Mudharabah: A Case Study of Commercial Buildings in Kedah, Malaysia. International Journal of Development Research, 5(05), 4294–4299
Razak, S. H. A. (2020). Zakat and waqf as instrument of Islamic wealth in poverty alleviation and redistribution: Case of Malaysia. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(3–4), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-11-2018-0208
Reverte, C., Gomez-Melero, E., & Cegarra-Navarro, J. G. (2016). The influence of corporate social responsibility practices on organizational performance: evidence from Eco-Responsible Spanish firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2870-2884.
Sadeq, A. H. M. (2002), “Waqaf, perpetual charity and poverty alleviation”, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 29 No. 1/2, pp. 135-151.
Al-shami, Samer. (2019). Women Micro and Small Business Sustainability in Malaysia Through Microcredit. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 8. 70-74. Setia, A. (2011). Harvard University & some fiscal problems of privately endowed higher education in the USA. In Second International Symposium of Awqaf-Waqf and education: Innovative Models.
Siregar, A. P. (2020). Kinerja Koperasi di Indonesia. VIGOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 5(1), 31-38.
SME Corporation Malaysia, (2022). Retrieved on 1 September 2022 from https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises and from https://smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/micro-enterprises
SME Corporation Malaysia, (2021). Retrieved on 1 September 2022 from https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/policies/2020-02-11-08-01-24/sme-statistics
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762.
Widhiyanto, F. (2021). Finance. Retrieved on 2 August from from Investor.id: https://investor.id/finance/260271/digitalisasi-koperasi-dan-kontribusi-padaperekonomian
WEF (World Economic Forum). 2021. Indonesia’s SMEs hold the key to growth. How can they scale up? Retrieved on 4 August 2022 from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/09/how-can-indonesian-smes-scale-up/
Yusuf, M., & Kahar, A. (2018). Strategy formulation model to improve implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 9(11), 243-256.
Yusuf, W. (2007). Membedah konsep dan aplikasi CSR. Gresik: Faseho Publishing.
Adi, R. (2022). Peran Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dalam Upaya Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat (Studi Kasus pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam (KSP) Mandiri Jaya Meulaboh). Jurnal Ilmiah Basis Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 1(1), 72-90.
Al Jazeera. (2021). With none of the promised cash coming, Indonesia MSMEs suffers. Retrieved on 2 August 2022 from https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/8/9/with-none-of-the-promised-cash-coming-indonesia-small-biz-suffer.
Aliyu, S.U.R. (2018), “A treatise on socioeconomic roles of waqf”, MPRA Paper No. 91413. Germany, available at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91413/1/MPRA_paper_91413.pdf (accessed 16 September 2019).
Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. 2015. Penyata kumulatif yang sisatukan sehingga bulan Disember 2015-Ibu Pejabat Wilayah. Kuala Lumpur.
Antara News, Jateng. (2022). Accessed on 1 September 2022 from https://jateng.antaranews.com/berita/450545/ccep-indonesia-dukung-pengembangan-komunitas-umkm
Ariff, M., & Iqbal, M. (2011), “The Foundation of Islamic Banking: Theory, Practice and Education”, Edward Elgar Publishing
Arshad, M. N. M., & Haneef, M. A. M. (2015). Reositioning Issues of Waqf as A Third Sector Organisation into The Mainstream Economy. Asia Pacific Awqaf Congress. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275532220
Mason, C., Azmi, W. & Madden, R. (2015). Aiming for Greater Financial Inclusion through Sustainable Development: The Story of AIM (Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia). Retrieved on 3 August 2022 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355927126_Aiming_for_Greater_Financial_Inclusion_through_Sustainable_Development_The_Story_of_AIM_Amanah_Ikhtiar_Malaysia
Azizah, F. N., Ilham, I. F., Aqidah, L. P., Firdaus, S. A., Astuti, S. A. D., & Buchori, I. (2020). Strategi UMKM untuk Meningkatkan Perekonomian selama Pandemi Covid-19 pada saat New Normal. ECONOMICUS Journal of Economics, 5(1).
Aziz, N.N.A., Hassan, W.H.A.W., & Saud, N.A. (2012). The effects of urbanization towards social and cultural changes among Malaysian settlers in the Federal Land Development Schemes (FELDA), Johor Darul Takzim. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 68, 910–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.276
Branco, M.C., & Rodrigues, L.L (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource Based Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 69: 111-132
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 4, 497–505.
Cekindo. (2022). The Significance of Digital Adoption for MSMEs in Indonesia. Retrieved on 1 August 2022 from https://www.cekindo.com/blog/the-significance-of-digital-adoption-for-msmes-in-indonesia
Chabbal, A. Y. (2020). WAQF and Enterprenuership: An Ignored Mechanism for Modern Economic Development in Nigeria. Journal of African Sustainable Development, 20(2), 289–296.
Devins, D. (2009). Enterprise in deprived areas: What role for start-ups? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(4), 486–498. https://doi. org/10.1504/IJESB.2009.02569
Duncombe, R., & Heeks, R. (2005). Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs), Poverty Reduction and Micro, Small & Medium-scale Enterprises (MSMEs). A framework for understanding ICT applications for MSMEs in developing countries. A Panel at the World Summit on the Information Society, (1), 1–46
Elasrag, H. (2017). Towards a new role of the institution of waqf. 1–27.
Elliot, Rundle-Thiele dan Waller. (2012). Marketing 2nd edition.Australia,John Wiley & Sons
Elkington. J. 2004. Retrieved on 1st August 2022 from https://johnelkington.com/archive/TBL-elkington-chapter.pdf
Fatimah Mohd Arshad & Mad Nasir Shamsudin. (1997). Rural development model in Malaysia. Retrieved August 23, 2004, from http: www.econ.upm.edu.my/ ~fatimah/rural.pdf
Garaika, G. (2020). Urgency Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) Towards Corporate Development in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(02).
Gaudiosi, M. M. (1987), “The influence of the Islamic law of waqf on the development of the trust in England: The case of Merton College”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 136, 1231-1262.
Glavas, A., & Godwin, L. N. (2012). Is the Perception of ‘Goodness’ Good Enough? Exploring the Relationship Between Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Organizational Identification. J Bus Ethics Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 15-27
Hadi, Nur. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility edisi Pertama. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Hameed, Waseemul & Nawaz, Muhammad & Basheer, Muhammad & Waseem, Muhammad. (2019). The Effect of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) on Microenterprise Success in Sabah State Malaysia. X1V. 223-238. Access on 1 September 2022 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334548612_The_Effect_of_Amanah_Ikhtiar_Malaysia_AIM_on_Microenterprise_Success_in_Sabah_State_Malaysia/citation/download
Hardilawati, W. laura. (2020). Strategi Bertahan UMKM di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomika, 10(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.37859/jae.v10i1.1934
Harun, R., Isa, Z. M., & Ali, N. (2012). Preliminary Findings on Waqf Management Practices among Selected Muslim Countries. International Conference on Economics Marketing and Management, 28, 117–120
Latiff, A. Z. A., Ismail, C. Z., & Daud, N.M. (2008), “Waqf: The management and contribution towards Islamic education in Malaysia (Wakaf: Pengurusan dan sumbangannya terhadap pendidikan Islam di Malaysia)”, Shah Alam: UPENA, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM)
Lim, SJ., Phillips, J. Embedding CSR Values: The Global Footwear Industry’s Evolving Governance Structure. J Bus Ethics 81, 143–156 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9485-2
Hsu, K. T. (2012). The advertising effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate reputation and brand equity: Evidence from the life insurance industry in Taiwan. Journal of business Ethics, 109(2), 189-201.
Javan, J. (1998). Empowerment for Community Development:A Multivariate Framework for Assessing Empowerment at the Community Level. Department of Phsychology, North Carolina state University
Khan, T. (2019). Venture waqf in a circular economy. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2018-0138
Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2005). Best of breed: When it comes to gaining a market edge while supporting a social cause,“corporate social marketing” leads the pack. Social marketing quarterly, 11(3-4), 91-103.
KemenKopUKM, 28 November 2019. Retrieved on 1 August from https://kemenkopukm.go.id/read/kemenkop-dan-ukm-siapkan-strategiperluasan-pasar-produk-ukm-sektor-riil-unggulan
Latiff, A. Z. A., Ismail, C. Z., & Daud, N. M. (2008). Waqf: The management and contribution towards Islamic education in Malaysia (Waqaf: Pengurusan dan sumbangannya terhadap pendidikan Islam di Malaysia). Shah Alam: UPENA, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UITM).
Leeuwen, R. (1999), “Waqfs and urban structures: The case of Ottoman Damascus”, Leiden: BRILL
Lim, S. J., & Philip, J (2008). Embedding CSR values: The global footwear industry’s evolving governance structure. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 143 – 156
Mahmood, R., & Hanafi, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive advantage as a mediator. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1), 82–90
Malay Mail (8 December 2021) Entrepreneur Development Ministry continues commitment efforts to revive MSMEs. Retrieved on 1 September from. https://www.malaymail.com/news/money/2021/12/08/entrepreneur-development-ministry-continues-commitment-efforts-to-revive-ms/2026932
Maloni, M. J., & Brown, M. E. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility in the Supply Chain: An Application in the Food Industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 35-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9038-0
Md Sum, Sarmila & Zaimah, R. & Lyndon, Novel & Hussain, Mohd & Awang, Abd. (2015). Local Community Economic Wellbeing through CSR Project. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6. 10.5901/mjss. 2015.v6n4s3p79. Siregar, A. P. (2020). Kinerja Koperasi di Indonesia. VIGOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 5(1), 31-38.
Mohamed, M. and Sawandi, N. (2007), “Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in mobile telecommunication industry: Case study of Malaysia”, paper presented at the European Critical Accounting Conference, Scotland, United Kingdom, pp. 1-26.
Mohd Mizan A. (2018). Kelestarian Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Islam melalui Waqaf. Proceedings of Simposium Waqaf Pulau Pinang 2018. 29 September 2018. Majlis Agama Islam Pulau Pinang. Seberang Jaya, Pulau Pinang
Muhammad, M.Z., Char, A.K., bin Yasoa, M.R., & Hassan, Z. (2010). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) competing in the global business environment: A case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 3(1), 66.
Mursitama, T. N., Hasan, M. F., & Fakhrudin, I. Y. (2011). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) di Indonesia: Teori dan implementasi: Studi kasus community development Riaupulp. Jakarta: Institute for Development of Economics and Finance
Mustapa, W. N. B. W., Al Mamun, A., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2018). Development initiatives, micro-enterprise performance and sustainability. International Journal of Financial Studies, 6(3), 74.
Mulyadi, M. (2019). Pengaruh Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr), Good Corporate Governance (Gcg), Dan Budaya Tri Hita Karana Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 4(2), 235-247.
Musa, S. O., & Salleh, M. C. M. (2018). Proposing A Model for Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Cash Waqf Intention. Jurnal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 4(1), 183–204.
Osman, S., Mat, I., Ahmad, J., & Othman, Y. H. (2015). Unlocking Value of Waqf Property Using Hibah Mudharabah: A Case Study of Commercial Buildings in Kedah, Malaysia. International Journal of Development Research, 5(05), 4294–4299
Razak, S. H. A. (2020). Zakat and waqf as instrument of Islamic wealth in poverty alleviation and redistribution: Case of Malaysia. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(3–4), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-11-2018-0208
Reverte, C., Gomez-Melero, E., & Cegarra-Navarro, J. G. (2016). The influence of corporate social responsibility practices on organizational performance: evidence from Eco-Responsible Spanish firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2870-2884.
Sadeq, A. H. M. (2002), “Waqaf, perpetual charity and poverty alleviation”, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 29 No. 1/2, pp. 135-151.
Al-shami, Samer. (2019). Women Micro and Small Business Sustainability in Malaysia Through Microcredit. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 8. 70-74. Setia, A. (2011). Harvard University & some fiscal problems of privately endowed higher education in the USA. In Second International Symposium of Awqaf-Waqf and education: Innovative Models.
Siregar, A. P. (2020). Kinerja Koperasi di Indonesia. VIGOR: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 5(1), 31-38.
SME Corporation Malaysia, (2022). Retrieved on 1 September 2022 from https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises and from https://smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/micro-enterprises
SME Corporation Malaysia, (2021). Retrieved on 1 September 2022 from https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/policies/2020-02-11-08-01-24/sme-statistics
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762.
Widhiyanto, F. (2021). Finance. Retrieved on 2 August from from Investor.id: https://investor.id/finance/260271/digitalisasi-koperasi-dan-kontribusi-padaperekonomian
WEF (World Economic Forum). 2021. Indonesia’s SMEs hold the key to growth. How can they scale up? Retrieved on 4 August 2022 from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/09/how-can-indonesian-smes-scale-up/
Yusuf, M., & Kahar, A. (2018). Strategy formulation model to improve implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 9(11), 243-256.
Yusuf, W. (2007). Membedah konsep dan aplikasi CSR. Gresik: Faseho Publishing.
Published
2022-12-15
How to Cite
HARON, H., & DEWANTI, R. (2022). CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES OF MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA. ICCD, 4(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.33068/iccd.v4i1.446
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